Which DNS record type tells other mail servers where to deliver email for example.com?

An MX record (Mail Exchange) names the mail servers for a domain. Each mail server has a priority number.

The other record types do different jobs:
• "TXT" records hold text, such as SPF policies (which servers may send mail for the domain) and domain verification tokens.
• "NS" records hand a zone over to its name servers. This is called delegation.
• "SRV" records give the host and port for a named service.